| Requirements | met by | Controls | One control can cover clauses from several standards. |
| Requirements | maps to | Requirements | A NIS2 article maps to ISO 27001 and DORA clauses already covered. |
| Requirements | interpreted in | Documents | The policy states how the clause applies here. |
| Controls | described in | Documents | The written rule and the practice sit side by side. |
| Controls | reduces | Risks | Residual risk follows the status of its controls. |
| Controls | protects | Assets | Coverage of each asset, or each product, is visible. |
| Controls | proven by | Evidence | Expiry shows when proof goes stale. |
| Controls | improved by | Tasks | Planned controls carry work |
| Tasks | part of | Plans | Progress rolls up into programmes and calendars. |
| Risks | rolls up to | Risks | Process risks roll up into enterprise risks. |
| Risks | affects | Assets | Impact rests on what the organisation actually runs. |
| Risks | involves | Suppliers | Third-party risks name the supplier. |
| Assets | depends on | Assets | Dependency maps: where each service and dataset resides. |
| Suppliers | provides | Assets | Third-party dependencies are part of impact analysis. |
| Suppliers | bound by | Documents | Contracts, DPAs and exit plans sit with the supplier. |
| Threats | exploits | Vulnerabilities | Scenarios are specific, not generic. |
| Threats | drives | Risks | Likelihood follows the threat picture. |
| Vulnerabilities | found on | Assets | Exposure is located on a real system. |
| Vulnerabilities | raises | Risks | Open weaknesses push the score up; fixes bring it down. |
| Vulnerabilities | fixed by | Tasks | Remediation has an owner and a deadline. |
| Signals | indicates | Risks | Early warning between scheduled reviews. |
| Signals | points to | Threats | Threat news reaches the register. |
| Signals | reports | Vulnerabilities | Scanner results and advisories open vulnerabilities. |
| Signals | concerns | Suppliers | Supplier monitoring feeds early warning. |
| Signals | escalates to | Incidents | Triage decisions are recorded. |
| Incidents | realises | Risks | Post-mortems update ratings and treatments. |
| Incidents | affects | Assets | Impact and reporting scope are clear at once. |
| Incidents | involves | Suppliers | Supplier-caused incidents are traced to the supplier. |
| Incidents | reported in | Documents | Notices to authorities, customers and suppliers are kept. |
| Incidents | followed up by | Tasks | Lessons learned turn into work. |
| Audits | reads | Documents | Documents show the controls the organisation claims to have. |
| Audits | scoped to | Assets | One audit can cover several products, each with its own controls. |
| Audits | assesses | Suppliers | Supplier evaluations use the audit method. |
| Audits | tests | Requirements | Audit scope is traceable to clauses. |
| Audits | tests | Controls | Claimed and operated are checked together. |
| Audits | examines | Evidence | Auditors see the proof that already exists. |
| Audits | raises | Findings | Each observation is recorded once. |
| Findings | becomes | Conclusions | A confirmed finding is the result for its clause. |
| Conclusions | judges | Requirements | Compliance status per clause and scope, year on year. |
| Findings | resolved by | Tasks | Corrective action is tracked to closure. |
| Evidence | supports | Findings | Every finding cites what it rests on. |
| Documents | covers | Assets | Assessments (DPIA, BIA, change) record what they cover. |
| Documents | leads to | Tasks | Decisions in minutes and assessments become work. |
| Plans | schedules | Audits | The audit programme sits in the yearly calendar. |
| Plans | reviews | Risks | Risk reviews are scheduled, not remembered. |
| Plans | reviews | Assets | Asset and supplier reviews come round on time. |
| Plans | reviews | Documents | Policies are reviewed on their cycle. |
| People | holds | Roles | Staff change; accountability stays. |
| People | assigned | Tasks | Work lands with a named person. |
| Roles | owns | Risks | Every risk has someone accountable. |
| Roles | owns | Controls | Every control has someone who runs it. |
| Roles | owns | Assets | Every asset has a business and a technical owner. |
| Roles | leads | Incidents | Incident manager and responders are clear. |
| Roles | accountable for | Plans | Every programme has one accountable role. |
| Roles | defined in | Documents | Responsibilities are written down. |